Question Bank

Machine Learning interview questions

Naming a model or a metric is only the start of an interview answer. Explain why it fits the task, and connect training, regularization, validation and evaluation to a concrete example. Start with your own explanation, then state its assumptions and limitations.

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MediumMachine Learning

When should you use L2 regularization instead of L1 regularization?

regularizationL1L2
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MediumMachine Learning

Explain how k-fold cross-validation works and what its advantages are.

cross-validationk-fold
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MediumMachine Learning

What is model ensembling and how does it help improve performance?

ensemblingmodel performance
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HardMachine Learning

What is the trade-off between bias and variance in a machine learning model?

bias-variancetrade-off
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HardMachine Learning

What are the main differences between boosting and bagging algorithms?

boostingbagging
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MediumMachine Learning

Explain how Batch Normalization works and what its advantages are.

batch normalizationregularization
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EasyMachine Learning

What is PCA and how is it used in the dimensionality reduction process?

PCAdimensionality reduction
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MediumMachine Learning

When and why should you use dropout as a regularization method?

dropoutregularization
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EasyMachine Learning

Explain what L2 regularization is and how it helps in training models.

regularizationL2
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MediumMachine Learning

Explain how the Adam algorithm works and what its key features are.

optimizationAdam
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MediumMachine Learning

Compare L1 and L2 regularization methods. In what cases is each preferred?

regularizationL1L2
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MediumMachine Learning

Explain the bias-variance tradeoff. How does it affect model selection?

bias-variancemodel selection
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MediumMachine Learning

How does momentum gradient descent work and what advantages does it provide?

gradient descentmomentum
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HardMachine Learning

What is UMAP and how does it differ from t-SNE in the context of dimensionality reduction?

dimensionality reductionUMAPt-SNE
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HardMachine Learning

What are the main differences between normalization and standardization of data? When should each approach be used?

normalizationstandardization
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HardMachine Learning

How can underfitting and overfitting of a model be diagnosed? What metrics and approaches would you use?

underfittingoverfittingdiagnosis
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EasyMachine Learning

Explain what gradient descent is and how it works.

optimizationgradient descent
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EasyMachine Learning

What is regularization and how does it help combat overfitting?

regularizationoverfitting
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MediumMachine Learning

Compare the ReLU and LeakyReLU activation functions. When should each be used?

activation functionsreluleaky relu
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MediumMachine Learning

Explain what F1 score is and how it differs from accuracy.

metricsf1 scoreaccuracy
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